Proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference ―Toronto Congress of Advanced Research‖ (April 20-22, 2026) / Publisher website: www.naukainfo.com. – Toronto, Canada, 2026. - 174 p.

172 It was established that the velocity above the dam increased as one approached the outlet of the flow-directing structure, due to the braking effect of the structure's dead-end section on the flow. Circulation zones and areas of stagnant flow were observed in the near-surface layer of the dead-end section. Along the screen wall, the flow was directed parallel to the wall and accelerated with distance from the dead-end section. Above the rising reservoir floor in front of the screen wall, an acceleration of the flow and a relatively sharp change in direction toward the outlet of the structure were observed in the near-surface layer. It was found that, under natural conditions, the maximum velocity in the near- surface layer at a depth of approximately 1 m will be observed in the area of flow constriction and will reach values of approximately (0.65-0.75) m/s. It was established that at a depth of 0.5 m above the bottom, especially in the dead-end area of the structure and the area of greatest depth in front of the screen, a return flow was recorded, directed from the screen toward the dam. Maximum return flow velocities amounted to (0.05-0.1) of the average flow velocity above the dam. Near the top of the dam, on the side of the jet-directing screen, a relatively high-velocity flow was observed, directed from the dead-end section of the structure toward its outlet into the cooling pond. Moreover, the velocity of this flow increased with approach to the structure outlet. REFERENCES: 1. Грабовський В.А. Ядерна енергетика: розвиток, проблеми, екологія. Навчальний посібник. – Львів, ЛНУ ім. І.Франка, 2000. 234 с. 2. Jayabal R. Next-generation solutions for water sustainability in nuclear power plants: Innovations and challenges // Nuclear Eng. Design, 2025. Vol. 432. P. 113757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2024.113757 3. Du T., Dugdale S.J., Johnson M.F. A scenario-based, generalised model of the thermal impacts of cooling water discharge from thermoelectric power plants: