Proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference ―Modern Research and Education‖ (May 2-4, 2026) / Publisher website: www.naukainfo.com. – Warsaw, Poland, 2026. - 523 p.

22 meaning, which may cause difficulties in legal interpretation and enforcement of the relevant norms. Based on the analysis of modern doctrine, the following definition can be formulated: foreign direct investment refers to actual capital outlays abroad in enterprises, technologies, land, or other property, which ensure the acquisition of a long-term economic interest by granting the investor control over the investment object, and which are also aimed at generating entrepreneurial profit or achieving a social effect . However, within the scope of this study, it is necessary to operate not with the narrow concept of foreign direct investment but with the broader category of international investment. In contrast to the term "foreign direct investment," which focuses on the investor’s control over the enterprise as the object of investment, the term "international investment" encompasses the entire complex of relations arising in connection with the transfer of capital beyond national jurisdiction for the purpose of investing it in the economy of another state. International investments involve not only private but also state, intergovernmental, or institutional capital, and they include both direct and portfolio investments, as well as tangible and intellectual assets. Therefore, in its content, the category of international investment is broader than that of foreign direct investment and covers all forms of cross-border capital movement that are accompanied by the establishment or expansion of the investor’s economic presence in another jurisdiction. It is this very universality that allows international investments to be effectively applied for the purposes of supporting veteran initiatives, social entrepreneurship, infrastructure development, or projects implemented through public-private partnerships. Accordingly, international investments should be defined as a set of economic relations associated with the transfer of capital beyond national jurisdiction, which are directed at investing in entrepreneurial or socially significant activities within the territory of another state for the purpose of obtaining profit or achieving a public