Proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference ―Oxford 2026: Science and Education Today‖ (May 29-31, 2026) / Publisher website: www.naukainfo.com. - Oxford, United Kingdom, 2026. - 392 p.

11 liquid reserves and require the development of alternative trajectories for capital optimisation [6]. Comparative Econometric Modelling of Insolvency To verify latent threats, calculations were performed for three integral systems of crisis state forecasting. The synchronised results of mathematical modelling are reflected in Table 2. Table 2. Consolidated Matrix of Z-scores for Diagnosing the Probability of Bankruptcy of PrAT "Firma "Poltavpyvo" Econometric Model Integral Indicator Formula 2023 2024 2025 Established Safety Threshold Crisis Probability Vector Altman Five- Factor Model Z = 0.717X₁ + 0.847X₂ + 3.107X₃ + 0.42X₄ + 0.995X₅ 7.915 7.029 6.846 Z > 2.90 Marginally low / Safety zone Lis Four- Factor Model Z = 0.063X₁ + 0.092X₂ + 0.057X₃ + 0.001X₄ 0.1026 0.098 0 0.1028 Z > 0.037 Low / Stable condition Tereshchenko Six-Factor Model Z = 1.5X₁ + 0.08X₂ + 10X₃ + 5X₄ + 0.3X₅ + 0.1X₆ 1025.0 5 970.3 7 1029.1 4 Z > 800 Optimal / Normal condition Source: Calculated and analysed by the authors based on [2], [4], [5], [8], [9]. Empirical calculations confirm the total absence of any immediate threat of bankruptcy. The Altman model records a significant excess of the normative threshold (6.846 versus 2.90), which is ensured by a high proportion of working capital (X₁) and retained earnings (X₂). However, the long-term trend of the Altman model is downward (a degradation of 13.5% over three years), which is caused by a drop in profit generation per unit of assets (X₃) and a slowdown in total turnover (X₅). The Lis model and the adapted domestic Tereshchenko model solidly verify a high "safety margin" of the financial framework, where internal capital reserves act as the key stabiliser (the autonomy coefficient X₄ according to Tereshchenko possesses the highest weight multiplier).