Proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference ―Science and Society in Times of War‖ (June 5-7, 2026) / Publisher website: www.naukainfo.com. – Kharkiv, Ukraine, 2026. - 417 p.

188 Many settlements use social media to publish air-raid information, humanitarian announcements, memorial posts, and patriotic messages. These online texts interact with physical signs. For example, a QR code on a poster may lead to a donation page. This means that the linguistic landscape should be studied as a hybrid phenomenon. The public visual environment now includes both material and digital layers. The war has intensified this hybridity because rapid communication often take place online before being materialised in physical space. Regional differences. The effects of the war on the linguistic landscape are not identical across Ukraine. Regional differences remain significant. Western Ukrainian settlements may show stronger Ukrainian monolingual dominance and more established patterns of de-Russification. Central Ukrainian cities often display rapid symbolic transformation, especially in street renaming and public memorialisation. Eastern and southern settlements may show more complex language dynamics because of the historical presence of Russian in everyday life and public signage. In areas directly affected by occupation, destruction, or liberation, the linguistic landscape may carry additional layers of meaning. Occupying forces often impose their own signs, symbols, flags, and language policies. After liberation, the removal of occupation signs and the restoration of Ukrainian symbols become acts of political and symbolic recovery. In such contexts, the linguistic landscape may visibly document the sequence of occupation, resistance, destruction, and reconstruction. Settlements receiving large numbers of internally displaced persons may also develop specific signs connected to humanitarian aid, housing, education, and social services. These signs show how the war reshapes not only language ideologies but also the social functions of public communication. Conclusion. The Russo–Ukrainian war has had a profound impact on the linguistic landscape of Ukrainian settlements. Public space has become more explicitly political, emotional, and symbolic. The Ukrainian language has gained visibility as the language of statehood, resistance, unity, and public legitimacy. Russian has been increasingly marginalised or removed from symbolic public domains, especially where it is associated with imperial or Soviet legacies [9]. At the