Proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference ―Oxford International Science Forum‖ (June 15-17, 2026) / Publisher website: www.naukainfo.com. - Oxford, United Kingdom, 2026. - 84 p.

60 Today, the radiologists actively discuss the issues of digital registration, processing, and storage of medical images. Results . The term ‗digital radiography‘ is used in all methods of projection X-ray radiography when an X-ray image is formed and then processed by an electronic computing machine. The main task of such devices is to convert the X-ray relief into a set of digital data using a detector [2]. All devices have a similar principle of formation of a digital image. If we calculate the average optical density and set corresponding numerical values on each analog image unit area, we will receive an image in the form of a digital matrix. The digital image unit area is called a pixel (a neologism from a picture and a cell). Each pixel has its spatial coordinates on the matrix (row and column).The binary system of the computer memory (bits) contains information about the optical density and coordinates of each pixel. The features of X-ray film, fluorescent screens and geometrical blurring determine the spatial resolution of conventional X-ray radiography. In a digital image, it depends on the size of the pixel that is determined by the size of the detectors and the image matrix. The image is usually formed on a square matrix and contains the number of pixels that is proportional to two. Correspondingly, the matrix can consist of 512x512, 1024x1024 (1K), 2048x2048 (2K) or 4096x4096 (4K) pixels. The image 1024x1024 in the matrix requires four times larger storage space than in the 512x512 matrix, and the image 4096x4096 in the matrix requires a 64 times larger storage capacity. Thus increasing the cost of the storage capacity per image and the time for image reading, data recording, and transmission. So, when reading an X-ray image, it is necessary to obey the following rule: the image has to be as fully detailed as necessary and as rude as acceptable. The contrast resolution, being determined by the number of bits per pixel, is the key factor for displaying low-contrast objects. For instance, to reproduce 256 shades of gray 8 bits per pixel (2 8 = 256) are required. Different devices may have 8 to 16 bits of information per pixel. While displaying an image, the large capacity of the receiver makes it possible to study the target in a wider dynamic range. This means that digital systems are able to simultaneously receive images of soft and dense objects with a properly high resolution by contrast, in other words, to resolve a large number of gray scale graduations. In practice, spatial resolution is determined by the number of pairs of lines that can be resolved in 1 mm (unit of measurement - pairs of lines/mm). The maximal spatial resolution of a medical X-ray film is 20 pairs of lines/mm. For screen-film systems it is 8-10 pairs of lines/mm. For devices with an X-ray enhancer it is 1-2 pairs of lines/mm. Depending on the detectors features and pixel size, the spatial resolution of a digital image varies from 0.7 to 4-5 pairs of lines/mm [6, 7]. Despite the lower spatial resolution of the digital image if compared to the analog one, it has a number of essential advantages, in particular,the high contrast resolution in a wide dynamic range. Current systems of digital radiography and those in the developmental stage are divided by the principle of detecting of X-rays into six main types: 1) systems for digitizing the X-ray image received from the X-ray enhancers; 2) digital X-ray radiography on storage luminophores; 3) digital X-ray radiography on the basis of on semiconductor detectors; 4) digital X-ray radiography on the basis of a multi-axis proportional camera; 5) digital X-ray radiography on the basis of multi-chamber technology; 6) systems of digital scanning of X-ray images for a posterior processing. Digital fluoroscopy and X-ray radiography by digitizing an X-ray electronic image is the most popular technology [2, 7]. In a digital system, the signal from the video camera is transformed into a set of digital data and transformed into a storage device by an analog-to-digital converter. Then the computer transforms these data into the visible image [5]. The resolution of this technology is limited by the TV system pass band being used in the x-ray image intensifier (XrII). Another disadvantage of such systems is the small size of the operational field of the XrII. Digital luminescent X-ray radiography (DLXrR) was the second most commonly used technology in the world. It was developed in the early 80's on memory luminophores. The method is based on fixing an X- ray image by a screen covered with a special luminophor. On exposure, the information is being stored by a luminophor in the form of a latent image. It may be stored for a long time (up to 6 years). The images plate- receivers used in DLXrR after the X-ray exposure are gradually scanned by a special infra-red or red helium- neon laser stimulating the luminophor (also called: ‗the system on stimulated luminophores), and the resulting light beam is transformed into a digital signal. As compared to the conventional intensifying screens the intensity of the light beam is equal to the number of X-ray photons absorbed by the storage luminophor. The latent image on the screen is erased by intense illumination with visible light and the screen may be reused [8].