Proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference ―Frontiers of Global Knowledge‖ (July 20-22, 2026) / Publisher website: www.naukainfo.com. – Geneva, Switzerland, 2026. - 122 p.

6 trade and tourism developed without any official diplomatic representation, from the very beginning of Armenia's independence. Initially, Turkish initiatives and proposals ensured that Ankara viewed its economic engagement with Armenia not only as a business partnership, but also as a geopolitical tool. However, these initiatives were soon limited by the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and the 1993 closure of the border by Turkey, which imposed restrictions on transport, humanitarian contacts, and cross-border movement, which further exacerbated the blockade and limited the real impact of these early initiatives. [2] However, these efforts were soon hampered by the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and the 1993 closure of the border by Turkey, which imposed restrictions on transport, humanitarian contacts, and cross-border movement, such as TRIPP (see Picture 1), which further exacerbated the blockade and limited the impact of these earlier efforts. Despite these challenges, dialogue continued. Business ties, civil society engagement, and incidents such as football diplomacy were present, giving hope for a future normalization of relations. The last phase of the negotiations, following internal changes in Armenia and the appointment of special envoys, made the process more serious, but it was still subject to the influence of regional developments and the Armenia-Azerbaijani agenda. The normalization of Armenian-Turkish relations cannot be separated from Turkey‘s broader strategy in the South Caucasus and the Middle East. Turkey‘s support for Azerbaijan, its interest in East-West transport links, and projects connecting the eastern regions of Azerbaijan to Nakhichevan and then to Central Asia. Picture 1. Possible Rout of TRIPP [3] Thus, Armenia is not only a small neighboring market, but also a strategic corridor for greater regional strategic integration, influence, and access to a larger market, up to the ―Chinese Wall.‖ As mentioned above, Armenia-Turkey relations are not just a bilateral issue. These relations are of great importance to China, the United Kingdom, the European Union, Iran, India, Russia, and the United States. At first glance, China and India have large Muslim populations, so it is absolutely not in the economic and political interests of these countries to see such a developed and widespread Turkey, since Turkey is promoting a new pan-Turkism near their borders. From the point of view of the United States and the European Union, these relations are important due to their routes and natural resources. From the point of view of Russia and Iran, the importance of developing relations is important, since Turkey is already neighboring with them [4]. The creation of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline has also significantly changed the energy map of the region. An intergovernmental agreement to incorporate the countries' legal structures for the transportation of Caspian oil through their territories was signed on 18 November 1999 by Azerbaijan, Georgia and Turkey. The pipeline was built by the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Pipeline Company in June 2006, under the supervision of BP, which became the project operator, and it further strengthened the partnership of Azerbaijan, Georgia and Turkey with Western energy companies, thus helping Turkey to become a major