Proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference ―Modern Science and Education‖ (April 10-12, 2026) / Publisher website: www.naukainfo.com. – Paris, France, 2026. - 217 p.

44 victim identification mechanisms and strengthening trust between vulnerable populations and public institutions [2, p. 250]. An essential component of anti-trafficking efforts in both Italy and France is the active involvement of non-governmental organizations (NGOs). These organizations play a critical role in identifying victims, often acting as the first point of contact for individuals in vulnerable situations. NGOs are able to reach populations that may be inaccessible to state authorities, thereby complementing official efforts. In addition to identification, NGOs provide a wide range of support services, including legal assistance, psychological counselling, and social reintegration programs. Their work is crucial for the rehabilitation of victims and their successful reintegration into society. NGOs also contribute to raising awareness and advocating for stronger policies, thereby influencing the broader anti-trafficking agenda. Conclusions. The European Union has developed a strong and comprehensive legal framework to combat trafficking in women, combining legislative measures, institutional mechanisms, and international cooperation. However, despite significant progress, serious challenges remain in the practical implementation of these policies. Differences between member states, insufficient coordination, and emerging migration-related risks continue to limit the effectiveness of anti-trafficking efforts. In this context, it is essential to strengthen cooperation between EU institutions and national authorities, improve victim protection mechanisms, and adapt policies to new forms of trafficking, including those facilitated by migration and digital technologies. A more coordinated and gender-sensitive approach is necessary to ensure effective prevention, protection, and prosecution, ultimately enhancing the EU‘s capacity to address trafficking in women in an evolving global environment. REFERENCES: 1. McAuliffe, M., Kitimbo, A. Migration, the state and crisis: Global insights // World Migration Report 2022 . 2021. pp. 219–240. 2. O‘Connell Davidson, J. New slavery, old binaries: Human trafficking and the