Proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference ―Education and Scientific Progress‖ (April 24-26, 2026) / Publisher website: www.naukainfo.com. – Manchester, United Kingdom, 2026. - 218 p.

26 signs of instability in the long term. As international experience shows, there are countries where the share of state debt also exceeds 100 percent of GDP, among them: the USA (125% of GDP), Japan (over 250% of GDP). However, not only the share of debt in GDP is important here, but the cost of its repayment and servicing, and this issue will definitely arise for Ukraine, if not now, then after the end of the war. Under any conditions of instability, the issue of effective debt management remains relevant, which involves the application of a system of state financial policy measures aimed at optimal attraction, minimal costs for debt servicing and repayment, as well as ensuring an acceptable level of risk for the financial system and the national economy. It is important that this factor does not turn into a future trap/threat and does not slow down the development of the Ukrainian economy. After all, the stability of the public debt is primarily a state of public finances where there is no need to implement financial measures to reduce budget expenditures and increase taxes, and the volume and dynamics of the public debt do not become an obstacle to the fulfillment of debt obligations and the solvency of the state. The government is aware of the risks, since the stability of the public debt is one of the important elements of financial stability and is reflected in its ability to fully fulfill the debt obligations assumed by the country without significant risk and threats to socio- economic development and the efficiency of the functioning of the financial system of the state. The content of effective public debt management is to create such a structure and volume of public liabilities that contributes to macro-financial stability, minimizes debt service in the medium and long term, supports the country's debt sustainability, and ensures financing of the budget deficit and state programs. The main mechanisms for achieving effective debt management are the coordination of debt policy with monetary and budgetary policies, the definition of the target debt structure ( share of external/domestic, currency structure, repayment terms ), the development of a medium-term public debt management strategy. Based on the actual situation and in order to optimize the structure of the public debt and ensure the country's transition to a more sustainable debt trajectory, the government approved in December 2025 the Medium-Term Public Debt Management Strategy for 2026-2028