Proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference ―Science in the Modern World‖ (May 4-6, 2026) / Publisher website: www.naukainfo.com. – Barcelona, Spain, 2026. - 260 p.

18 Since, for example, the definition of the term ―war damage‖ cannot be identified with damage caused during a natural disaster, catastrophe, emergency situation. We tried to generalize and show the differences from damage and losses caused by military actions of another country and caused by an emergency situation (Table 2). As can be seen from the data in Table 2, the differences are significant, they differ in the nature of the damage, legal consequences, period of occurrence, etc. Table 2 Differences between losses and damage caused by disasters, emergencies and military actions of another state Military operations Emergency situations Military actions are organized armed violence used by a state - a subject of international law to achieve its political, economic and other goals. This is a way of imposing one country's will on another, which is illegal, inadmissible, impractical, unacceptable means of achieving goals in the modern, globalized world. Military actions cause significant damage, harm and losses to the people and economy of the country, both physical, moral, psychological, and economic, social, material, and environmental. Military actions differ from a declared war in that the state that launched the aggression pursues a limited goal in the local space and does not require the general mobilization of all available military power of the country. Emergency situations are disruptions to the normal living conditions and activities of people at a facility or territory caused by an accident, catastrophe, natural disaster or other event that has led (may lead) to the death of people and/or significant material losses and damages. Emergency situations can be man-made, natural, or socio-political in nature. Planning A detailed plan of the operation is developed by the country that is going to incite a military conflict with the use of forces and means necessary to achieve its aggressive goals. Planning as such is absent, since an emergency situation arises due to an industrial accident, natural disasters, socio-economic discontent of the population, which cannot be predicted. Implementation period Long period: until achieving one's political/economic goal or a certain compromise, conclusion of a peace agreement between the victim and the initiator of military aggression Short period: simultaneously or in one go, taking into account coincidences in production, natural disasters, social upheavals, etc. Nature of harm, damage and loss