Proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference ―Oxford 2026: Science and Education Today‖ (May 29-31, 2026) / Publisher website: www.naukainfo.com. - Oxford, United Kingdom, 2026. - 392 p.

335 Materials and methods: We conducted a literature review based on articles published in the PubMed database over the past 10 years. An analysis of current information on the clinical features of congenital toxoplasmosis was performed. Purpose: to analyze literary sources and research studies, and to identify the clinical features of congenital toxoplasmosis. Relevance Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic infection caused by T. gondii, which can occur in acute or chronic form. The main source of infection is domestic animals, particularly cats. Toxoplasmosis is transmitted to humans through three main routes: 1. Infection through consumption of raw or insufficiently heat-treated infected meat, especially pork, lamb and game, or non-heat-treated products; 2. Ingestion of oocysts shed in cat feces (e.g., from garden soil, on unwashed fruits or vegetables, or in unfiltered water); 3. Transplacentally [1]. In adults, the incubation period of T. gondii infection ranges from 10 to 23 days after consumption of insufficiently heat-treated meat, and from 5 to 20 days after ingestion of oocysts from cat feces. Approximately 5 per 1,000 non-immunized pregnant women may contract toxoplasmosis, with a risk of transmission to the child ranging from 10% to 100% [2, 3]. In general, transmission of T. gondii is higher in the second half of pregnancy, which is largely associated with anatomical and immune factors. For example, placental thickness changes throughout pregnancy: in early gestation, the human placental barrier is 50–100 μm thick and gradually decreases to 2.5–5 μm at the end of pregnancy, allowing pathogens to more easily penetrate trophoblasts toward the end of the gestational period. In addition, the inner layer of the cytotrophoblast is discontinuous, and the number of its cells decreases throughout the gestational period. Infection in early pregnancy is clinically more serious, as reduced expression of Toll-like receptors in