Proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference ―Science and Society in Times of War‖ (June 5-7, 2026) / Publisher website: www.naukainfo.com. – Kharkiv, Ukraine, 2026. - 417 p.

185 has increasingly become politically sensitive. Public space now tends to favour Ukrainian as the legitimate language of collective representation. Wartime signs. The war has also introduced new types of signs into Ukrainian settlements. Air-raid shelter signs, evacuation instructions, curfew notices, military warnings, humanitarian information, and mine-risk education materials have become common elements of the linguistic landscape. These signs reflect the everyday realities of wartime life. Air-raid shelter signs are among the most characteristic new visual elements. They often include arrows, pictograms, and Ukrainian-language instructions such as ―Укриття‖ or ―Бомбосховище‖. In some areas, these signs may also appear in English or with universally understandable symbols, especially in places frequented by foreigners, humanitarian workers, or internally displaced persons. Public notices about curfews, checkpoints, prohibited photography, military restrictions, and emergency behaviour also shape the wartime linguistic landscape. These signs are functional, but they also constantly remind residents that the settlement exists under conditions of threat. The ordinary urban or rural environment is transformed into a securitised space. At the same time, signs of resistance have become highly visible. Patriotic slogans, murals, flags, stickers, posters, and graffiti communicate defiance and unity. Phrases such as ―Слава Україні!‖ , ―Героям слава!‖ , and ―Все буде Україна!‖ appear in many forms and locations. These expressions function as visual acts of solidarity. They mark the public space as Ukrainian and communicate collective determination. Memorialisation and the landscape of mourning. The war has also changed the commemorative function of public space. Many Ukrainian settlements now include memorial boards, portraits of fallen soldiers, flags, flower arrangements, temporary shrines, and renamed streets dedicated to local defenders. Schools, municipal buildings, churches, and central squares have become places where wartime loss is publicly represented.