Proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference ―Science and Society in Times of War‖ (June 5-7, 2026) / Publisher website: www.naukainfo.com. – Kharkiv, Ukraine, 2026. - 417 p.

186 This memorialisation creates a landscape of mourning. The names and faces of fallen soldiers appear in everyday spaces, reminding the community of the human cost of the war. These signs are usually in Ukrainian and often use highly emotional and patriotic language. They connect individual biographies to the national struggle. Memorial signs also have an educational and identity-building role. They present fallen soldiers as heroes and integrate local communities into the broader national narrative of resistance. In smaller settlements, this process may be especially powerful because the commemorated individuals are personally known to many residents. The linguistic landscape thus becomes a space where private grief and public memory meet. In addition to official memorials, spontaneous forms of commemoration are also important. Handwritten messages, candles, photographs, ribbons, flags, and children‘s drawings contribute to the emotional texture of the wartime landscape. These bottom-up signs show that public space is not controlled only by institutions; it is also shaped by local communities and individual acts of remembrance. Multilingualism and international solidarity. Although the war has strengthened the role of Ukrainian, it has also produced new forms of multilingualism. English has become more visible in signs addressed to international audiences, journalists, volunteers, diplomats, and humanitarian organisations [7]. English-language slogans such as ―Stand with Ukraine‖ often appear on posters, murals, banners, and social campaigns. Humanitarian aid has also contributed to multilingual signage. Notices connected to aid distribution, refugee support, medical assistance, and international organisations may include Ukrainian, English, and sometimes other languages. In western border regions, signs in Hungarian, Romanian, Slovak, or Polish may also play a role, especially in areas with minority populations or cross-border mobility. This wartime multilingualism differs from pre-war commercial multilingualism. It is less connected to tourism or consumer culture and more connected to survival, solidarity, diplomacy, and international visibility. English, in particular, functions as a