Proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference ―Synergy of Modern Science and Education‖ (June 12-14, 2026) / Publisher website: www.naukainfo.com. – New York, USA, 2026. - 145 p.

55 0.00). In the cross Zoria Ukrainy × Favorytka, partial negative inheritance of grain number per spike was observed (hp = -0.92). The highest heterosis effect was observed in hybrids obtained from the crosses Favorytka × Zoria Ukrainy, Lehenda Myronivska × Yevropa, Panna × Yevropa, Zolotokolosa × Zoria Ukrainy, Zoria Ukrainy × Panna, Zoria Ukrainy × Zolotokolosa, Yevropa × Mudrist Odeska, and Yevropa × Favorytka, with true heterosis values ranging from 2.0 to 2.2% and hypothetical heterosis from 100.0 to 107.5%. The highest level of true heterosis for grain weight per spike (4.1–7.3%) was recorded in the combinations Favorytka × Zoria Ukrainy, Panna × Zoria Ukrainy, Zoria Ukrainy × Bohdana, Yevropa × Favorytka, Lisova Pisnia × Yevropa, and Zolotokolosa × Zoria Ukrainy. High levels of hypothetical heterosis were observed in samples 148 (117.0%), 445 (111.9%), 210 (111.4%), 228 (110.9%), 385 (110.0%), 477 (110.4%), and 444 (108.8%). In hybrids derived from Triticum aestivum L. × Triticum spelta L., spike length was inherited according to the pattern of intermediate inheritance or partial negative dominance. The use of spelt wheat as the maternal parent resulted in a significant increase in spike length in F₁ hybrids (up to 11.4–13.1 cm), and intermediate inheritance of this trait was observed in seven generated samples. Despite the increase in spike length, the progeny were significantly inferior to the original spelt cultivars for this characteristic; therefore, negative values of true heterosis (-13.89 to -26.85%) were recorded. The highest level of hypothetical heterosis (95.8–101.2%) was observed in the combinations Zoria Ukrainy × Zolotokolosa, Yevropa × Mudrist Odeska, Yevropa × Zolotokolosa, and Yevropa × Lehenda Myronivska. The results also demonstrated that among the 12 hybrids obtained from Triticum aestivum L. × Triticum spelta L. crosses, plant height was inherited according to the pattern of intermediate inheritance in six samples. Partial negative inheritance was observed in the combinations Lisova Pisnia × Zoria Ukrainy (hp = -0.74), Mudrist Odeska × Zoria Ukrainy (hp = -0.64), and Favorytka × Yevropa (hp = -0.74), whereas depression was recorded in Bohdana × Yevropa (hp = -1.74), Panna × Zoria Ukrainy (hp = -1.13), and Zolotokolosa × Zoria Ukrainy (hp = -1.07). Hybrids obtained from Triticum spelta L. × Triticum aestivum L. crosses had plant heights ranging from 105 to 115 cm and were characterized by partial positive dominance or intermediate inheritance of this trait. In interspecific hybridization between winter common wheat and winter spelt wheat, the number of grains per spike and grain weight per spike in F₁ hybrids were inherited according to the pattern of positive dominance when spelt was used either as the maternal or paternal parent. Among the generated materials, only samples 426 and 358 exhibited intermediate inheritance of these traits (hp = 0.28–0.37). In hybrids derived from Triticum aestivum L. × Triticum spelta L., spike length was inherited according to the pattern of partial negative dominance. In contrast, hybridization of Triticum spelta L. × Triticum aestivum L. resulted in a significant increase in spike length and intermediate inheritance of this trait. In Triticum aestivum L. × Triticum spelta L. hybrids, plant height was inherited according to the patterns of intermediate inheritance, partial negative inheritance, or depression. The use of spelt wheat as the maternal parent led to increased plant height in the progeny, which was inherited according to the pattern of partial positive dominance or intermediate inheritance. REFERENCES: 1. Diordiieva, I., Riabovol, L., Riabovol, Ia., Serzhuk, O., Novak, A., & Kotsiuba, S. (2018). The characteristic of wheat collection created by Triticum aestivum L./Triticum spelta L. hybridization. Agronomy Research, 16(4), 2005–2015. 2. Diordiieva, I. P. (2018). Spelt wheat lines of Uman National University of Horticulture. Plant Genetic Resources, (23), 25–34. 3. Griffing, B. (1950). Analysis of quantitative gene-action by constant parent regression and related techniques. Genetics, 35, 303–321. 4. Daskalev, Kh., Iordanov, A., & Ognyanova, A. (1967). Heterosis in domestic plants. Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. 5. Beyl, G. M., & Atkins, R. E. (1972). Inheritance of quantitative characters in grain sorghum. Iowa Journal of Science, 77(3), 345–358.