Proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference ―Synergy of Modern Science and Education‖ (June 12-14, 2026) / Publisher website: www.naukainfo.com. – New York, USA, 2026. - 145 p.

54 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES AND FOOD UDC 633.11:631.527:575.1 Diordiieva Iryna doctor of agricultural sciences, professor Vladov Oleg Voynikov Mykola master’s students Uman national university Uman, Ukraine INHERITANCE OF BREEDING-VALUE TRAITS IN F 1 HYBRIDS OF TRITICUM AESTIVUM L. × TRITICUM SPELTA L. Abstract . The inheritance of breeding-value traits in F₁ hybrids obtained from reciprocal crosses between winter common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and winter spelt wheat ( Triticum spelta L.) was investigated. The degree of dominance, as well as true and hypothetical heterosis, were determined for grain number per spike, grain weight per spike, spike length, and plant height. Most hybrid combinations exhibited positive dominance for grain number and grain weight per spike. Spike length was inherited according to the pattern of intermediate inheritance or partial negative dominance, whereas plant height was characterized by intermediate inheritance, partial negative dominance, or depression depending on the crossing combination. The use of spelt wheat as the maternal parent promoted an increase in spike length and plant height in the progeny. The obtained results demonstrate the breeding potential of interspecific hybridization between common wheat and spelt wheat for the development of valuable source material. Keywords: triticum aestivum L., Triticum spelta L., interspecific hybridization, inheritance, dominance, heterosis, spike traits, plant height. The creation of source material combining a complex of valuable agronomic and biological traits is a key stage of the breeding process. Hybridization between Triticum aestivum L. and Triticum spelta L. provides broad opportunities for combining the high productivity and adaptive potential of common wheat with the genetically determined ecological plasticity and superior grain quality of spelt wheat. Owing to their identical genomic and chromosomal constitution, crosses between these species can be performed without major complications. At the same time, certain morphological and genetic characteristics influence seed set, trait inheritance, and the formation of phenotypes among the progeny. A series of reciprocal crosses between high-yielding winter common wheat cultivars and winter spelt wheat cultivars was conducted at Uman National University during 2023–2025 [1, 2]. Variability among the parental cultivars in agronomically valuable and morphobiological traits resulted in a wide range of variation and intensive form-generation processes among the offspring, making it possible to select valuable genotypes. In F 1 hybrids, the inheritance pattern of breeding-value traits was determined using the degree of dominance (hp) according to the formula proposed by B. Griffing [3]. The levels of true and hypothetical heterosis were calculated according to the method of H. Daskalov and co-authors [4]. The created materials were classified according to the degree of dominance using the scale of G. Beil and R. Atkins [5]: 1) negative overdominance (negative heterosis or depression), hp ≤ -1; 2) negative dominance, -0.99 < hp < -0.5; 3) intermediate inheritance, -0.49 < hp < 0.49; 4) positive dominance, 0.5 < hp < 0.99; and 5) positive overdominance (positive heterosis), hp ≥ 1. The results showed that among the 12 crossing combinations in which winter common wheat served as the maternal parent, the number of grains per spike was inherited according to the pattern of positive overdominance in eight combinations (hp = 1.00–1.50) and intermediate inheritance in three combinations (hp = 0.20–0.50). In the cross Lisova Pisnia × Yevropa, partial negative inheritance of this trait was observed (hp = -0.86). Among the 11 hybrids obtained using winter spelt wheat as the maternal parent, positive overdominance for grain number per spike was recorded in seven combinations (hp = 1.00–1.67), partial positive dominance in one combination (hp = 0.60), and intermediate inheritance in two combinations (hp =