Proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference ―Cambridge Science and Education Conference‖ (May 15-17, 2026) / Publisher website: www.naukainfo.com. - Cambridge, United Kingdom, 2026. - 429 p.

96 Dependence on navigation systems: most modern GABs rely on satellite-based navigation (GPS, GLONASS) or inertial guidance systems. This renders them susceptible to electronic warfare (EW) assets, which can: • Jam navigation signals; • Generate false coordinates; • Degrade guidance precision. In the event of signal loss, the strike accuracy is significantly diminished. Limited Maneuverability: Unlike cruise missiles, GABs have restricted flight trajectory adjustment capabilities. This renders them more predictable and simplifies the calculation of their flight path for air defense assets. Dependency on Carrier Aircraft: The employment of GABs requires the presence of carrier aircraft in proximity to the action area. If an air defense system maintains control over the airspace, enemy aviation is compelled to operate at greater standoff distances or reduce the intensity of strikes. Vulnerability to Air Defense Systems: Despite the difficulty of interception, GABs can be neutralized by modern air defense systems, particularly during the terminal phase of flight. The most effective countermeasures include: • Surface-to-Air Missile (SAM) systems; • Close-In Weapon Systems (CIWS); • Mobile Air Defense assets. Launch Altitude and Range Constraints: The operational range of a GAB is fundamentally contingent upon the altitude and airspeed of the aircraft at the point of release. Should the carrier aircraft be compelled to operate at low altitudes due to integrated air defense (IADS) threats, the effective range of the munitions is substantially diminished. Impact of Environmental Conditions: Adverse meteorological conditions can negatively affect guidance precision, particularly for munitions utilizing laser- designation or electro-optical (EO) correction systems. Cloud cover, fog, high- velocity winds, or precipitation can significantly impede target acquisition and terminal homing.