Proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference ―Cambridge Education Forum‖ (June 1-3, 2026) / Publisher website: www.naukainfo.com. - Cambridge, United Kingdom, 2026. - 206 p.

83 Traditional physical and chemical methods for nanoparticle production allow for rapid synthesis but often involve complex, expensive procedures and pose significant environmental risks due to the use of toxic reagents, including surfactants such as CTAB and solvents [1, p. 301; 2, p. 2065]. Consequently, there is a growing interest in green nanotechnology, which utilizes biological systems to synthesize nanomaterials with higher biocompatibility and lower toxicity [3, p. 4024; 4, p. 5]. Biogenic magnetic nanoparticles (BMNs) are a unique product of biologically controlled biomineralization, synthesized under mild hydrothermal conditions: low temperature, atmospheric pressure, and physiological pH [3, p. 4025]. The mechanism of BMN biomineralization is considered a universal phenomenon, as these nanoparticles have been found across bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes [1, p. 302]. Fungi are no exception; comparative genomics has identified over 120 species within the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota divisions as potential BMN producers [5, p. 144]. Among these, mycelial fungi represent a highly promising platform for green synthesis owing to their remarkable metabolic flexibility. Specifically, Aspergillus niger stands out as a highly efficient "cell factory" due to its vast secretory capacity and established role in industrial-scale production, producing a wide spectrum of active extracellular proteins and enzymes that simultaneously reduce metal ions and stabilize the resulting nanostructures [6, p. 952; 7, p. 72]. Fungal synthesis of BMNs predominantly occurs extracellularly. This mechanism provides a critical technological advantage because it significantly simplifies downstream processing: it eliminates the need for energy-intensive cellular disruption, facilitating easier and more cost-effective isolation and purification of the magnetic nanoparticles [5, p. 145; 7, p. 73]. The key distinguishing feature of mycogenic BMNs compared to their synthetic counterparts is the presence of a natural organic coating known as the "biocorona" [8, p. 780; 9, p. 2995]. In conventional chemical synthesis, artificial stabilizing agents such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), oleic acid, or toxic surfactants (e.g., CTAB) must be added to prevent iron oxidation and particle agglomeration [2, p. 2080]. In